According to Historian, Richard Hooker, In 1791, the French plantations on the island of Hispaniola offered some of the most cruel conditions that African-American slaves had ever suffered.
They differ from North American plantations in one key element: the coffee and sugar plantations require vast amounts of labor. As a result, the slave population outnumbered the French colonialists by what must have seemed a terrifying number; the slaves, also, by their sheer numbers were allowed to retain much of their culture and to establish more or less independent social systems.
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